1In a large bowl, whisk together 5 cups flour, 2 tsp salt, 1½ tbsp instant yeast, and 1 tbsp sugar.
2Add 1¾ cups warm water and stir with a wooden spoon until a shaggy, slightly sticky dough forms, about 2 minutes.
3Transfer to a lightly floured surface and knead for 5-7 minutes until the dough becomes smooth, elastic, and slightly tacky but not sticky.
4The dough should spring back when poked gently.
5Cut dough into 12 equal pieces (about 3 oz each).
6Roll each piece into a smooth ball and let rest for 5 minutes to relax the gluten.
7Working with one ball at a time, poke your finger through the center to create a hole, then gently stretch and rotate to form a bagel shape with a 2-inch center hole.
8Place on a parchment-lined baking sheet.
9Cover shaped bagels with a damp kitchen towel and let rise for 30 minutes until slightly puffed but not doubled.
10Preheat oven to 350°F and bring a large pot of water to a rolling boil.
11Boil bagels in batches for 30 seconds per side, then transfer back to the parchment-lined baking sheet.
12Brush tops with beaten egg and sprinkle with desired toppings.
13Bake for 25-30 minutes until deep golden brown and hollow-sounding when tapped.
14Cool on a wire rack for at least 15 minutes before slicing.